整理/余冰玥 制图/ 张玉佳

下学上达

学习常见、具体的人情事理，进而掌握高深、普遍的道理。出自《论语·宪问》。本义指学人事，知天命，实际是倡导一种治学修身的精神，将自觉追求天命、天道作为毕生的使命和生命最高的境界。这种治学修身的思想，激励人不要满足于习得具体的事物或学会做具体的事情，还要进而达到对事物基本原理或普遍规律的认知，向着自身完满或高度自觉的境界而努力。

Study Concrete Things and Reach to a Higher-level Understanding

The term means to study common and concrete human affairs and to progress from that to an understanding of higher and more universal truths. Coming from The Analects, it literally means to study human affairs and understand heaven's will, but is actually advocating a spirit of scholarship and self-cultivation which regards the pursuit of heaven's will and heaven's way to be the highest stage of one's life and lifelong mission. This concept of scholarship and self-cultivation encourages people not to be satisfied with acquiring a specific object or learning a specific thing; rather, they should progress to acquiring knowledge of fundamental truths or universal rules, and strive for self-perfection or to reach a heightened state of self-awareness.

引例

学在事时斯是理，盍于事上每深思？但令下学功夫到，上达之机便自知。（朱熹《训蒙绝句·下学上达》）（弄通一件事即是知晓其道理，为何不在每件事上深思其道理呢？只要在基本的人情事理上所下的功夫到了，掌握至上道理的窍要也就自然领悟了。）

To comprehend something is to understand its principles, so why not always think deeply about the principles of everything? If only the study of common human affairs is thorough, one will naturally know how to grasp the highest truths. (Zhu Xi:Sayings to Teach the Young)

来源：中国青年报

2026年02月01日 01版